T&M Understanding MIMO Channel Emulators for Wireless Testing
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A MIMO Channel Emulator is a crucial tool for evaluating the performance of MIMO (Multiple Input Multiple Output) wireless systems under realistic propagation conditions. It enables precise testing of antenna diversity, beamforming, and spatial multiplexing by replicating real world channel effects such as fading, delay, Doppler shift and interference. This article covers MIMO Channel Emulators, focusing on the benefits, features and specifications relevant to WiFi and LTE testing, particularly those offered by Azimuth Systems.
Understanding MIMO
MIMO stands for Multiple Input Multiple Output. This technology leverages multiple antennas for simultaneous transmission and reception, enabling higher data rates. Essentially, unique data symbols are mapped to each antenna, boosting performance.
What is a Channel Emulator?
In the context of wireless communication, a “channel” represents the path electromagnetic waves travel between a transmitting antenna and a receiving antenna. A channel emulator is a piece of equipment – a combination of hardware and software – designed to simulate the real-time effects of a MIMO channel.
Wireless standards operate under diverse channel conditions, influenced by factors like:
- Number of antennas at the transmitting and receiving ends
- Mobility requirements (pedestrian or vehicular speeds)
- Data rate (low, medium, or high)
- RF frequency of operation
- Environment (indoor or outdoor)
- Multi-Carrier modulation types such as OFDM, OFDMA
Azimuth Systems offers MIMO Channel Emulators tailored to various requirements.
Features of MIMO Channel Emulators
Key features typically found in MIMO Channel Emulators include:
- Support for testing 2G, 3G, and 4G wireless protocols/standards.
- Support for both SISO (Single Input Single Output) and MIMO testing.
- Suitability for testing devices compliant with WiFi, LTE, and LTE-Advanced standards.
Technical Specifications for LTE Testing
The following table outlines the technical specifications of the ACE™ MX2 MIMO Channel Emulator developed by Azimuth Systems for LTE testing:
| Specification | Details |
|---|---|
| RF Frequency | 450 to 2700 MHz |
| Bandwidth | 50 MHz |
| RF Input Range | +15 to -40 dBm |
| No. of Channels | Supports 4 to 64 channels (scalable) |
| Channel model | Supports ITU and 3GPP channel models |
| Max. Doppler Shift | 2 KHz (>500 Km/Hr @ 3.6 GHz) |
| Antenna test configurations | SISO, SIMO, MISO, MIMO |
| AWGN | -30 to +35 dB of SNR can be set |
| Programmable propagation delay | Available from 0 to 1 msec |
Benefits of Azimuth Channel Emulator
- Ease of Use: The emulators are designed for intuitive operation.
- Easy Upgrades: Staying current with evolving standards is simplified through easy upgrades.
- Multiple Protocol Testing: A single piece of equipment can handle testing for various protocols.
- High Performance: The emulators deliver exceptional performance, with residual EVM (Error Vector Magnitude) typically below -40dB with a 10 MHz OFDM signal bandwidth.
- User-Configurable Interface: Testers can customize settings to simulate different channel conditions.
Advantages of MIMO Channel Emulator
Following are some of the generic benefits of MIMO channel emulator.
- Emulates complex wireless environments to test MIMO system performance.
- Used in 4G LTE, 5G NR, and emerging wireless technologies for various test cases.
- Validates antennas, base stations and user equipment under controlled conditions.
- Reduces the need for expensive field testing and supports different MIMO configurations.
- Ensures consistent results for research, development and compliance validation.
Conclusion
By providing realistic, repeatable and controlled testing, MIMO Channel Emulators help improve the reliability, efficiency and deployment of modern wireless communication systems. They are essential for R&D, chipset validation and network optimization in the T&M (Test & Measurement) industry.
